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| Charges Portfolio
Services for Banks/FIs: |
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| Registration,
Modification and Satisfaction of Charges |
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| REGISTRATION
OF CHARGES |
| We offer following services
in connection with the Registration of Charges |
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Preparation of Form 8 and 17
Getting the same signed by bank and the borrower
Filing the same with relevant Registrar Of Companies
Obtaining the Certificate of Registration of Form 8 and 17. |
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| Search Reports |
Banks and various State Financial / Industrial Investment Corporations, while granting loans to Companies invariably obtain a Search/Status report on the position of borrowings made by the Company and the particulars of charges created by the Company on its assets. This is a part of the security aspect of the amount proposed to be lent.
With the on-set of MCA21 (i.e. efiling and paperless ROC office), we as company secretaries, are better equipped to provide a complete and comprehensive report. |
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| Loan Documentation |
Every loan disbursed by the Bank is supported by security and loan documents. These documents are most critical in establishing a Banks right to recover its due when an account defaults. Here, we help Banks with their loan documents including supporting
security measures to be adopted. |
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| Due Diligence Report for Banks |
The Reserve Bank of India has recommended due diligence of certain corporate borrowers availing credit facilities under consortium arrangement / multiple banking arrangements. The circular was first issued by the RBI on 19th September, 2008 and revised from time to time, the last being Circular No.UBD.PCB No.49/13.05.000/2008-09 dated 12th February, 2009.
The said circulars have been issued by the RBI with a view to streamline consortium / multiple banking arrangements and to strengthen the information sharing system among banks in respect of such borrowers. As a part of this measure, Banks are required to obtain regular certification from a professional, preferably a Company Secretary in the prescribed format. The certificate covers critical and relevant areas viz., management of the company and the composition of its Board of Directors, shareholding pattern, forex exposure, risk mitigation through insurance, end use of funds, compliance with Accounting Standards, labour matters, statutory payments etc.
The varied areas of reporting demand the domain expertise of professionals.
We may state that we have formed a team of professionals comprising of qualified Company Secretaries, Ex-banker, Chartered Accountant and Advocate. As a team we will work jointly in the aforesaid Due Diligence exercise. This would ensure that each area of reporting is handled by an expert. |
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| Company Law Services: |
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| Formation / Incorporation of the Company |
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Company with Limited Liability (liability limited by shares) (Private & Public Company)
Company with Limited Liability (liability limited by guarantee) (Private & Public Company)
Company formed under section 25 of the Companies Act 1956 (Non-profit company) |
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| Maintenance and Assistance in preparation of Secretarial records |
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Statutory Registers as per Companies Act, 1956
Minutes of Board Meetings, General Meetings, Committee Meetings |
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| Company Law Board Petitions (CLB): |
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Petition for confirming alteration in Memorandum of Association as to Change of Place of the Registered Office from One State to another [Section 17 (2)]
Application for extension of time u/s Section 18(4)
Petition to sanctioning issue of share at discount [Section 79(2)]
Petition for rectification of Register of Member on any ground including refusal of registration of transfer/ transmission of share by the Company [Section 111]
Petition for extension of time or condonation of delay in filing the particulars of a charges or modification or of satisfaction of a charge with the Registrar of Companies including rectification of the register of charges [Section 141 (1) & (3)]
Petition to direct inspection of registers and returns or to furnish the copies thereof [Section 163(6)]
Petition to pass an order directing immediate inspection of minutes books or directing a copy thereof [Section 196 (4)]
Petition to pass an order directing immediate inspection of register maintained under section 303. [Section 304(2)(b)] |
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| Obtaining necessary approval of Regional Director |
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For Inter Corporate Contracts under section 297
Change in registered office of the company from one place to another within the same State. |
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| Application to Department of Company Affairs |
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Appointment of Managing Director / Manager under Section 269
Increase in Managerial remuneration beyond the limits specified
Waiver of recovery of excess remuneration
Such other applications as may be required |
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| Winding up of Company |
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Striking off a company as Defunct Company (Section 560)
Voluntary Winding Up
Winding up by Creditors
Act as a voluntary liquidator |
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| Amalgamation / Merger / Take Over of the Companies |
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Due Diligence
Drafting of schemes for mergers and amalgamation
To comply with all other legal formalities necessary for mergers/ amalgamation/takeovers. |
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| Legal Opinion on various Company Law Matters |
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| LLP REGISTRATION |
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| About LLP and its incorporation |
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LLP as a business structure / model was awaited by business fraternity doing business as firm (non-corporate) but always needed ‘limited liability cover’ for decades to ensure that business risk does not create personal liability on owners / partners including their personal wealth. There are large numbers of business houses which always wanted to do business as ‘closely held’ but had compulsorily do business as Private Limited Company to have shield of ‘Limited Liability’. Similarly there are large number of firms which had to restrict their exposure for finance etc. to avoid risk of direct claim on partners properties in the event of business loss etc.
The Govt. of India has taken the call to resolve the business limitations of firms where the entrepreneurial skills are highest , which leads to national GDP growth and finally in 2009 the Govt. provided a legally acceptable solution by allowing the incorporation of LLP.
LLP is a hybrid type of business structure where the features of a Partnership Firm as well as Limited Liability Company are available. LLP is a body corporate with perpetual succession and has a separate legal identity distinct from its partners. Further, the liability of the partners is limited to their agreed contribution in the LLP which may be of tangible and/or intangible nature. |
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| Main Features: |
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Limited Liability like a limited liability company
Simplicity to incorporate and understand like partnership firm
No. of Partners without limits as against restrictions in partnership firm
Separate entity like limited liability company and can hold its own assets
Perpetual existence like a company
Capacity to sue and to be sued like a company |
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The mutual rights and duties of partners of an LLP inter se and those of the LLP shall be governed by an agreement called LLP Agreement executed between partners as per the provisions of the LLP Act 2008 . The act provides flexibility to devise the agreement as per their choice. In the absence of any such agreement, the mutual rights and duties shall be governed by the provisions of proposed the LLP Act.
No partner would be liable on account of the independent or un-authorized actions of other partners or their misconduct. The liabilities of the LLP and partners who are found to have acted with intent to defraud creditors or for any fraudulent purpose shall be unlimited for all or any of the debts or other liabilities of the LLP.
Every LLP shall have at least two partners and shall also have at least two individuals as Designated Partners, of whom at least one shall be resident in India. The duties and obligations of Designated Partners shall be as provided in the law.
The LLP shall be under an obligation to maintain annual accounts reflecting true and fair view of its state of affairs. A statement of accounts and solvency shall be filed by every LLP with the Registrar every year. The accounts of LLPs shall also be audited, subject to any class of LLPs being exempted from this requirement by the Central Government;
Any existing firm, private company or an unlisted public company is allowed to be converted into LLP in accordance with the provisions of the Act. |
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| All LLP should have word ‘LLP’ in its name. The Indian Partnership Act, 1932 shall not be applicable to LLPs. |
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| Advantages and Disadvantages |
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| Advantages |
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Liability is limited to the extent of contribution
Formation is easy and less expensive
Limit of maximum partners is not applicable for LLP
All partners not to be responsible of defaulting partner
Operation easy similar to existing partnership firms
Existing firms and companies can be converted to LLP
Lesser Compliance, Govt. intervention, Statutory record then Company
Professionals also can form LLP to get Shield for Limited Liability
Audit exemption till capital / contribution of Rs.25 lacs or Turnover of Rs.40 lacs per annum |
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| Disadvantages |
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Not allowed to raise loans from Public
Action of single partner can bind LLP
Shield of limited liability may be pierced in some cases |
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| Comparison of LLP with Partnership Firm and Company |
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| S. No |
Topic |
Partnership |
Company |
LLP |
| 1 |
Compulsory Registration |
No under Indian Partnership Act 1932. |
Yes under the Companies Act, 1956 |
Yes under the LLP Act, 2008 |
| 2. |
Separate Legal Identity |
No, partners are represented for firm |
Yes it is a separate entity different from owners or directors. |
Yes it is a separate entity different from Partners or Designated Partners. |
| 3. |
Law for name |
Any name as per choice |
Approved Name to contain 'Limited' in case of Public Company or 'Private Limited' in case of Private Company as suffix. |
Approved Name to contain 'Limited Liability Partnership' or 'LLP' as suffix. |
| 4. |
Duration |
Depends upon the duration of partnership deed OR will of partners |
It has perpetual succession till it is wound up through legal process by owners or creditors. |
It has perpetual succession till it is wound up through legal process by partners or creditors. |
| 5. |
Basic Legal Document |
Partnership Deed |
Memorandum and Article of Association |
LLP Agreement . |
| 6. |
Legal cases for business |
Only registered partnership can sue third party |
A company is a legal entity which can sue and be sued |
A LLP is a legal entity can sue and be sued |
| 7. |
Foreign Investments |
Not allowed from Foreign Nationals |
Allowed |
Allowed |
| 9. |
Minimum and Maximum Number of Owners / Partners |
2 to 20 |
2 to 50 members for Private Company and 7 to unlimited for Public Company. |
Minimum 2 partners maximum is unlimited. |
| 10. |
Ownership of Assets |
Jointly by all partners of all the assets belonging to partnership firm |
In the name of the Company only. |
In the name of LLP only. |
| 11. |
Responsibilities and Authorities |
Governed by Partnership Deed. |
Governed by Articles of Association read with resolution passed by shareholders or directors. |
Governed by LLP Agreement. |
| 12. |
Liability |
Unlimited and hence all Partners are severally and jointly liable including claims on personal assets of partners. |
Limited to the extent of investments made in shares. |
Limited, to the extent their contribution in LLP agreement. |
| 13. |
Taxation on profits |
30% flat. |
30% flat. |
Tax status on double taxation possibility is yet not clarified from Govt. under Tax laws. |
| 14. |
Transfer / Transmission |
Not possible |
Legally allowed. |
Depends upon LLP Agreement clauses. |
| 16. |
Winding up |
As per Deed or mutual consent, insolvency, certain contingencies, and by court order. |
Voluntary or by order of Court. |
Voluntary or by order of Court. |
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Conversion |
Possible to convert to Company or LLP |
Possible to convert to LLP |
Possible to convert into Company |
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| Under Foregin Exchange Management Act, 1999 : |
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Establishment of representative office, liaison office and branch office in India;
Establishment of wholly owned subsidiaries of foreign companies |
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| Legal Services : |
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Legal documentation viz., loan documents including consortium lending documents, commercial contracts, joint venture and shareholders agreements, undertakings;
Legal and managerial due diligence |
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